The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education Essay

The Aims Of Writing A Literature Review Education EssayWhat is review of the literary works?A literature review is a write-up that aims to review the critical aspects of current experience on a particular topic. Its an account of what has been promulgated on a topic by ac book of factsed scholars and exploreers. most(prenominal) often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review ordinarily precedes a research proposal, methodology and results naval division. The purpose is to bring the reader up to find with current literature on a topic and form the basis for future research that may be fatalityed in the atomic be 18a. A comfortably literature review is characterized by a logical flow of ideas current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style proper enjoyment of preconditioninology and an unbiased and citywide view of the previous research on the topic. It is not safe a descriptive list of the mat erial available, or a set of summaries.Besides enlarging your knowledge about the topic, writing a literature review lets you gain and demonstrate skills in two arasInformation seeking the ability to scan the literature efficiently, development manual or com erecterized methods, to identify a set of useful articles and booksCritical appraisal the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies.A literature review must do these thingsBe organized around and related directly to the thesis or research skepticism you are developSynthesize results into a summary of what is and is not knownIdentify areas of controversy in the literatureFormulate questions that hold further researchA literature review is a piece of discursive prose, not a list describing or summarizing one piece of literature after another. Its usu ally a worse sign to see every paragraph beginning with the name of a researcher. Instead, organize the literature review into sections tha t present themes or identify trends, including relevant theory. You are not trying to list all the material published, just to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your thesis or research questionIf you are writing an annotated bibliography, you may need to summarize each item briefly, but should still follow through themes and concepts and do some critical estimate of material. utilize an overall introduction and conclusion to state the scope of your coverage and to formulate the question, problem, or concept your chosen material illuminates. Usually you go away withdraw the option of grouping items into sections-this helps you indicate comparisons and relationships. You may be able to write a paragraph or so to introduce the focus of each sectionHow to do a literature search?Defining the topic In order to begin your literature review you must first define your research question. What is the purpose? What does it mean? What are the key words? Are the re other words which could be utilize, such as synonyms, variations in spelling? What do you already know about the topic? What is the scope?Compiling a list of keywords Analyzing the topic of an essay question or research topic usually involves making a list of keywords or phrases. You will need to allow in all the key concepts or ideas contained within the essay or research question. It power be useful to include alternative ways of phrasing and expressing concepts and ideas. Think about both general terms and very specific terms for broadening and narrowing your search. The keyword or phrase is the basic unit of any search. You may find it helpful to consult subject dictionaries and encyclopedias, or a textbook gloss for the common terminology of the subject area. The use of an index and/or thesaurus is also advisable to establish the useful terms.Identifying Resources Information is available in a number of formats. It is important for you to understand the significance of various formats so that you know what will best suit your data requirements.BooksReference MaterialsJournalsConference PapersDissertationsprofitIndexes/Abstracts PrintedElectronic DatabasesGovernment publicationsThesisPutting display panels and figuresIf you found the table or figure in a source, or if you developed the information in the table or figure from a source other than your own primary research, you must cite the full source just below the table or figure, and again include the full source in your list of references at the end of the thesis.Table number and headline is always mentioned on top of the table. effigy number and headline is mentioned at bottom of the figure.The source reference below the figure/table should be in a smaller font, in a bracket, in italics. Like thisTable 4 Numbers Unemployed in Co. Roscommon, 2000 2004Electoral DistrictMaleAge governFemaleAge rangeTotal(Source Jones, D. 2004. Impact of unemployment in rural areas of Connacht 2000 2004. Dub lin Folens, p. 56.)Figure 4 Air Supply in Burma (June 1944 to April 1945)(Source Jones, D. 2004. Environmental Concerns. Dublin Folens, p. 56.)2. Bibliography FormatsEach citation in a bibliography has to describe a resource in enough detail that someone can go to a library (or out on the net, or to a bookstore), and see it for themselves. Imagine going to a bookshop and saying, Hi. I need that book on World War II. You know, the one that mentions Hitler? Thats why the specifics-formats, titles, informants, dates, etc.- are important.Writing the assessment What do I need to reference?When you are writing your assessment, be sure to type in reference information as you add in the ideas of other authors. This will save you time and will ensure that you reference all sources properly. Whenever you use someone elses ideas or words, you must put in a reference. The only exception to this rule is when the information you have read somewhere is common knowledge or public domain informatio n. For example, you would not need to include a reference if you stated in an assignment that Shakespeare wrote plays and sonnets in Elizabethan times.You must always reference the following(i) Direct quotations this is when you replicate another authors material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used () but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the authors words may on the dot describe the point you are trying to make. However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations try to paraphrase the authors work where possible. Please note that when you use direct quotations, you must reproduce the authors words exactly, including all spelling, capitalisation, punctuation, and errors. You may show the reader that you recognise an error and that you are correctly quot ing the author by placing the term sic in brackets after the error.(ii) Paraphrasing this is when you take another authors ideas and put them into your own words. You are still imitationing someone elses work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information.1. INTERNET RESOURCESIn the easy-come, easy -go humankind of the free internet, dates and addresses are particularly important. Two dates are required the date that the material was published or updated, and the date on which you actually used it. The address, or URL, of the site must be complete. This means including the access-mode identifier (e.g., http, ftp, gopher, telnet, news) as well as the path and file names. The address should also be enclosed in lean brackets .For an entire web site the bibliographical form is Author or Creator of site. ennoble of Site. catch of site. . Date you used the site. The submission will olfaction same(p) thisHsu, David. Chemicol Periodic Table. 2005. . phratry 6, 2007.For an article within a web site the bibliographic form is Author of article. Title of Article. Title of Site. Date of site. . Date you used the site. The intro will look like thisU.S. Department of defer. Sudan. Background Notes. March, 2007. . September 10, 2007.For online newspaper magazine articles , the bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article. Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Complete date. . Date you used the site. The entry will look like thisJamieson, Alastair. Chinas Toy Story Turns Nasty After New Recall. The Scotsman. September 6, 2007.. September 12, 2007.2. REGULAR BOOKSA regular book usually has just one author, and comes in just one volume. The bibliographic form is Author. Title. center Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisHammond, Jeff. Real Men Work in the Pits A Life in NASCAR Racing. PA Rodale, 2005.When there are two authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), and Second Author (first name first). Title. Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisAngeletti, Norberto, and Alberto Oliva. In Vogue The Illustrated narrative of the Worlds Most Famous Fashion Magazine. NY Rizzoli, 2006.When there are three or more authors, the bibliographic form is First Author (last name first), et al. Title. Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisBos, Samone, et al. Go The Whole World of Transportation. NY Dorling Kindersley, 2006.Books with an anonymous or unknown authorThe University Encyclopedia (1985) London Roydon3. COLLECTIONS EDITED BOOKSA entreaty is a book (or set of books) that contains works by many different authors-like an edited book or proceeding, an encyclopedia, an Opposing Viewpoints book, or an anthology of short stories or poems. You usually use just one or two parts of it in your paper and the bibliographic form is Author of the Part. Title of the Part. Editor (or Compiler) of the Collection. Title of the Collection. Vol. (if present). Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisCohen, Steve. Snowboarding. World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. IL World Book, Inc., 2003.Tatum, Becky L. Studies Have Not Established a Link Between thump Music and Youth Violence. Gerdes, Louise I., ed. Media Violence, Opposing Viewpoints. CA Greenhaven Press, 2004.If you use several different works from the same anthology, you neednt cite each separately. The bibliographic form for citing an entire array or anthology is Editor (or Compiler) of the Anthology. Title of the Anthology. Vol. (if present). Place Publisher, Date. The entry will look like thisNelson, Marilyn. A Wreath for Emmett Till. MA Houghton Mifflin, 2005.4. NEWSPAPERS MAGAZINESWhen citing an article from a print copy of a newspaper or magazine, the most important thing to put down is the complete date. The bibliographic form is Author of Article. Title of Article.Title of Magazine or N ewspaper. Complete date, Edition (if present) page number(s). The entry will look like thisRandall, Lisa. An American Physicist in Italy. Discover. July, 2007 56.LeBlanc, Emma. Refugees Tell NH Woman Their Stories. New Hampshire Union Leader. September 10, 2007, State Edition A1.5. JOURNALSThe conventions for listing journal articles are similar to books, but note the extra information required in the example below and apply this to all journal article listings.Muller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, August, pp. 103-107.Journal article with both volume and issue numberMuller, V. (1994) Trapped in the body Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, August, pp. 103-107.5. NON-PRINTMEDIAIf the item is not print-based (like a film on DVD or VHS, an MP3 file or audio CD, or a set of slides), the bibliographic form is Producer or Director. Title. Format P lace Distributor, Date. The entry will look like thisHampton, Henry. Eyes on the Prize II. VHS VA PBS Video, 1993.Lansing, Alfred. Endurance Shackletons Incredible Voyage. MP3 OR Blackstone Audio Books, 1991.May, Robert, and Steve James. The War Tapes. DVD NY Docurama, 2007.Paschen, Elise, and Rebekah Presson Mosby. Poetry Speaks Hear Great Poets Read Their Work from Tennyson to Plath. CD IL Sourcebooks MediaFusion, 2001.3. How to avoid plagiarismScientific Misconduct and PlagiarismMany people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong it is character Albert aceIn centuries of reading, writing, experimenting and hypothesizing, a persons work will inevitably incorporate and overlap with that of others. However, occasional overlap is one thing systematic, unacknowledged use of the techniques, data, words or ideas of others is another. Your work has to be carried out honestly and objectively without bias and the results should be reported truthfully. D eviations may occur from the ideal due to ignorance or, at times, they may be willful deceptions. These deviations from the ideal, willful or otherwise, constitute what is known as scientific misconduct. While various types of scientific misconduct have been identified, those that comes to notice usually include fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, cyber-plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and duplicate publication. It is desired that all students should be made aware of these.This note defines plagiarism and sets guidelines.What is Plagiarism?Failure to acknowledge other colleagues scientific work-their ideas, language, or data.lineal copying of passages without citing the original contributor, rewording of ideas, paraphrasing, and even total reproduction by simply changing the authors names and trying to pass the material as ones own. self-appointed use of ideas or unique methods obtained by a privileged communication, such as a grant or manuscript review.Passing off retrospective stu dies as prospective ones or deliberately omit references to earlier works.How Plagiarism can be detected?One of the important responsibilities of a reviewer is staining of plagiarized text due to his/her familiarity with published material in his/her area of interest. Technology has made it possible to carry out checks for sentences that are copied from previously published articles. There are dedicated web sites available that provide information on plagiarism ( www.plagiarism.org ) and software to detect plagiarism has made it easier for reviewers and editorial mental faculty of journals to detect copying (www.i pastticate.com, www.writecheck.com and www.turnitin.com ). We have recommended to you the VIPER software. make and Donts of PlagiarismSome simple tips to be followed to avoid plagiarism areTake short notes from the source and then write back in your own words without looking back at the original source.Attribute references to any information or idea you are using from ot her sources, even if you are not directly using it.describe all sources of informationGive acknowledgments to the original source by quoting author details at the end of the statement.Give details of the original source by providing footnotes .Use quotation marks wherever requiredIf you are paraphrasing, credit the original sourceFor extensive quotations, obtain permission from the publisher of the original workObtain permission for use of published drawings or other illustrationsDos and Donts of ResearchDOMake sure you know what question youre trying to answer.Look at all kinds of sources before you narrow in on the ones that will be most useful.Read and digest. Give yourself time to do this.Think critically about what youve just read and how it directly relates to the question.Evaluate what youve got, the holes in your research, and where you need to go from here.Keep a running annotated bibliography going, sorting facts by source or marking your notes with a coding system so as t o intend where individual facts came from.Divide your thesis into sections before you begin researching. Make sure you devote energy and time to finding information about all the topics you want to tackle.Remember that the beginning of a thesis presents existing knowledge on a topic, whereas towards the end of a paper, you present your own thoughts.Use a medley of sources. Journals, books, e-books, newspaper and magazine articles, legitimate web sites, and course books can all be good sources, but which ones you use will depend on your topic. rebuke to your professor about his or her expectations and ideas for sources.Talk to other students about their strategies for mapping out the research ahead.DONTSStuff so much information into your head at once that you cant remember what you learned and where you learned it from. You will lose sight of the point of the research project.Cite Wikipedia. Wikipedia is good for getting general information, but find an absolutely reliable source for your citations.Plagiarize. Learn what constitutes plagiarism and how to use sources responsibly.Dos and Donts of Internet ResearchThe internet provides a rich resource of information and data however there is great risk in using this all-too accessible resource. Self-regulating resources like Wikipedia and Google- or yahoo-search readily provide us with answers to just about any question we may pose. But which is it the right answer? And, is it the right answer? The very accessibility of online information makes it risky and often questionable. You need to be more vigilant of the veracity and reliability of your sources when acquiring information from the internet.To ensure that your information you have got is sound, one can do several thingsUse more than one source, particularly for important things this will give you a wider range of material from which to discern accuracy and reliability.Verify your sources and preferably cross-reference to saloon out objective truth vs. bi as.Try to use primary sources (original) vs. secondary or tertiary sources (original cited and open to interpretation) the closer you are to the original source, the closer you are to getting the original study.